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1 Γραικός
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: peoples name, "Greek" ( Marm. Par. IIIa, Arist. Mete. 352 b 2). Γραικίτης `griechisch' (Lyc., St. Byz.; Redard, Noms grecs en - της 123), γραικίζω `speak Greek' (Hdn.). γραικιστί (EM).Derivatives: Γραικίτης `griechisch' (Lyc., St. Byz.; Redard, Noms grecs en - της 123), γραικίζω `speak Greek' (Hdn.). γραικιστί (EM).Etymology: The name, prob. given to the Epirotic Dorians by their Illyrian neighbours, was taken over by the Italics and extended to all Hellenes. The use of the word in hellenistic literature is partly based on Lat. Graeci. - Without k-Suffix we have Lat. Graius, Messap. graias, grahis. The term may have come to Italy through the Etruscans, Ernout, R. Ph. 1962, 209-216. Perhaps the Epirotic name Γρᾶες was the basis; its origin is unknown. - See Schwyzer 80 Nr. 4 and 497 n. 7 and Jacobsohn KZ 55, 37, Kretschmer Glotta 30, 156f. - Γραική = Oropia (NE.-Attica), derived from Γραία, isirrelevant.. ( Γραῖκες = αἱ τῶν Έλλήνων μητέρες (Alcm. 134), from γραῦς after γυναῖκες, is also irrelevant.)Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Γραικός
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2 διώκω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `pursue, drive away, prosecute'(Il.)Derivatives: δίωγμα `pursuing, what is pursued' (trag., Pl.), διωγμός `pursuing' (trag., X.) with διωγμίτης `policeman' (inscr. IIp; vgl. Redard Les noms grecs en - της 45), διωγμιτικά = persecutiones (Cod. Just.); δίωξις `persecution', prosecution' (Att.), διωκτύς `id.' (Call.; cf. Benveniste Noms d'agent 72). - Nomen agentis διώκτης `pursuer' (NT), in γνωμιδιώκτης (haplol. for γνωμιδιο-δι- Cratin. 307), s. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 81 n. 1; διωκτήρ `id.' (Babr.). - διωκτός (S.), διωκτικός (Iamb.). - Lengthened διωκάθειν (- εῖν?), ἐδιώκαθον (Att.); cf. Schwyzer 703 n. 6 ( διωκαθεῖν?)Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: διώκει beside δίεμαι as Ϝιώκει (Cor.) beside Ϝίεμαι (s. ἵεμαι). Origin of the ω unclear (not convincing Meillet MSL 23, 50f.); κ-enlargenent as in ἐρύ-κω, ὀλέ-κω etc., Schwyzer 702 m. n. 5.Page in Frisk: 1,402Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > διώκω
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3 δράκων
δράκων, - οντοςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `dragon, serpent' (Il.), aslo a fish, `Trachinus' (Epich., cf. Strömberg Fischnamen 121f.).Other forms: Fem. δράκαινα `female dragon' (h. Ap., A.) with δρακαινίς a fish name (Com.); s. below.Derivatives: Dimin. δρακόντιον (Delos IIIa), also a plant `Arum dracunculum' (Hp.; after the colour, Strömberg Pflanzennamen 38); δρακοντίς name of a bird (Ant. Lib.; s. Thompson Birds 91); δρακοντία a plant (Ps.-Dsc.); δρακοντίας ( πυρός, σίκυς, πελειάς, Thphr.); δρακοντίτης ( λίθος; Ptol. Chenn., s. Redard Les noms grecs en - της 54). - δρακόντειος and δρακοντώδης `like a dragon' (E.). - δρακοντίασις name of a disease (Gal.) as if from *δρακοντιάω, after the words in - ίασις, cf. Holt Les noms d'action en - σις 137 A. 3.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [213] *drḱ- `look at'Etymology: The old view that the dragon was called after his paralyzing view, was doubted by Fick BB 28, 99. - If to δέρκομαι, δράκων can be an original n-stem (cf. δράκαινα) of a root noun *δρά(κ) = Skt. dŕ̥ś- `view' (cf. ὑπό-δρα s.v.). The ντ-stem after the participles, Schwyzer 526, Chantraine Formation 268.Page in Frisk: 1,414Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δράκων
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4 κτάομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `acquire, win', perf. `possess'.Other forms: Ion. ipf. ἐκτέετο (as v. l. Hdt. 8, 112), aor. κτήσασθαι (Il.), pass. κτηθῆναι (Th., E.), fut. κτήσομαι (posthom.), perf. ἔκτημαι, κέκτημαι (Hes., Att.),Derivatives: Also from the prefixcompp. (here not specif. noted): 1. Dat.pl. κτεάτεσσι (Hom., Pi., E.), sg. κτέαρ (hell.) `(acquired) goods, possessions, property' with κτεατίζω `acquire' (Il.), κτεατισμός (Man.; cod. κτεαν-). - 2. κτέανα n. pl., sec. a. rare - ον sg. `id.' (Hes., also Hp.), φιλο-κτεανώτατε voc. (A 122; Sommer Nominalkomp. 69), πολυ-κτέανος (Pi.). On κτεάτεσσι and κτέανα s. below. - 3. κτήματα n. pl. (Il.), also sg. (ο 19), `goods, landed property', also `domestic animals' (Chantraine Rev. de phil. 72, 5ff.), with κτημάτ-ιον (Alkiphr., pap.), - ίδιον (pap. VIp), - ικός `rich' (hell.), - ίτης `id.' (Lycurg.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 28); as 2. member a. o. in πολυ-κτήμων `rich in possessions' (Il.) with - μοσύνη (Poll.). - 4. κτήνεα, - νη n. pl., rarely - νος sg. `domestic animals' (esp. Ion., hell.), prob. directly from κτάομαι with νος-suffix (Chantraine Formation 420; very complicated hypothesis in Egli Heteroklisie 48 f.); from it κτηνηδόν `after the kind of animals' (Hdt.), κτηνύδριον (pap.); often as 1. member, e.g. κτηνο-τρόφος `cattle-keeper' (hell.). - 5. κτῆσις `acquisition, possession' (Il.; Holt Les noms d'action en - σις 82 ff.) with κτήσιος `regarding the possessions', Ζεὑς Κτήσιος as protector of possessions (IA.; Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 403 ff.); dimin. κτησ(ε) ίδιον (Arr.). - 6. κτεάτειρα f. `who possesses (fem.)' (A. Ag. 356), archaising after κτεάτεσσι a. o. for - κτήτειρα, - τρια (in προ-κτήτρια `former possessor', pap.) to κτήτωρ m. `possessor' (D. S., pap., Act. Ap.) with κτητορικός (pap.); details in Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 29f., 1, 183 n. 1, Schwyzer 474 n. 3. - 7. Φιλο-κτή-της PN (Il.), compound from φίλος and κτάομαι with τη-suffix; Att. Φιλοσκήτης (Kretschmer Glotta 4, 351). -8. Verbal adjectives: κτητός `to acquire, acquired' (I 408; Ammann Μνήμης χάριν 1,14); usu. ἐπίκτη-τος `also acquired, newly acquired' (IA.); κτητικός `of what was acquired' (Att.), cf. Chantraine Ét. sur le vocab. grec 137. - 9. Unclear is ἀκτῆνες πένητες, ἠργηκότες (EM55, 11); after Solmsen Wortforsch. 143 prob. from *ἀ-κτη-ῆνες. Except the rare and relatively late attested present κτάομαι all forms have κτη-(ἔγκτασις hyperdoric after ἔμπᾱσις; s. πάσασθαι). Also κτεάτεσσι, κτέαρ go back to a heteroklitic *κτῆ-Ϝαρ, - Ϝατος; besides κτέανα as rest of the old oblique n-stem *κτη-Ϝαν-α, which gave sg. κτέανον, s. Schwyzer 519 n. 6, Egli Heteroklisie 32.Etymology: The oldcomparison with Indo-Iran. present Skt. kṣáyati = Av. xšayeiti, -te `rule, order, have power' is semantically unproblemtic, but formally already less convincing, as κτάομαι makes the inpression of being an innovation and the well established non-present forms of Greek have no Indo-Iran. agreements. A further problem was Skt. kṣáy-ati; this form does not continue *ksǝi̯eti; the solution is * ksH-ei-, which was unknown until recently; this solution can also be used to explain Skt. kṣa-trám - Av. xša-θ rǝm `rule'. The equation of κτάομαι `acquire' and Skt. kṣáyati is therefore less evident. Cf. LIV 334, 562; EWAia 426 -- Pok. 626.Page in Frisk: 2,31-33Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κτάομαι
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5 ἄγρα
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `hunting, prey' (Od.)Compounds: Instruments: πυράγρα `fire-tongs' (Il.), κρεάγρα `meat-tongs' (Ar.); ὀδοντάγρα `tooth-tongs'; diseases: ποδάγρα `podagra'; in - άγρετος: αὑτάγρετος `self-chosen' (Od.). The interpretation of these words is debated. βοάγρια, ἀνδράγριον `what was taken from a cow (= shield)', from a man, spoils of a slain enemy'.Derivatives: ἀγρεύς `hunter' (Pi.); on the meaning of ἀγρέτης see Redard Les noms grecs en -της 236 A. 58; - ἀγρώσσω `catch' (Od.), cf. Schwyzer 733 ζ. ἀγρέω `take, seize' (Il.; only ipv. ἄγρει, - τε; but see Wackernagel Unt. 166f.), Aeol. ipv. κατάγρεντον.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: The relation between ἄγρα and ἀγρέω is unclear. Against ἀγρέω as denominative from ἄγρα Schwyzer 727 A.1. McKenzie, Cl. Quarterly 15, 46f and 125, wants to separate the two words. DELG is inclined to accept this (I see no reason why then ἄγρα would have to be connected with ἄγω). It is said that ἀγρέω and αἱρέω influenced each other, but where? - Connection with the Indo-Iranian words is now rejected (see Frisk, DELG). From Celtic are compared W. aer `battle' (\< *agrā), Ir. ár n. `defeat' (\< * agrom), Gaul. peoples name Veragri. - Fur. (s. index) thinks ἀγρέω is a substr. word, because of the prenasalized forms (Thess. αγγρε-), because of the form with αι for α ( Έξαίγρετος on coins from Asia Minor, Vendryes, Mél. Boisacq 2, 331-334; this form I find hardly reliable), because of the variant ἐγρέω, and because of the metathesized form αργειτε. Non-IE origin is for both words quite possible.See also: ζωγρέωPage in Frisk: 1,15-16Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄγρα
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6 ἄμμος
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `sand' (Pl.).Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Considered to be contamination of ἄμαθος and ψάμμος, but this assumed starting point fails to appreciate that this is a non-IE word that may not have followed the sound laws of IE words. S. s.vv. - On Άμμίτης as river name Redard Les noms grecs en - της 130 etc.Page in Frisk: 1,93Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄμμος
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7 ἀστήρ
ἀστήρ, - έροςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `star' (Il.).Derivatives: ἀστέριον, also name of a plant (Crateuas; s. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 48, 50); - ἀστερίας fish- and bird name (Philyll.), Strömberg Fischnamen 28, Thompson Birds 57); ἀστερίτης ( λίθος) name of a mythical stone (Ptol. Heph., cf. Redard Les noms grecs en - της 52), fem. ἀστερῖτις a plant (Ps.-Apul., Redard 69).Etymology: Compare Arm. astɫ `id.', further e.g. Bret. sterenn, Goth. staírno, Toch. B ścirye, Av. acc. sg. stār-ǝm, Skt. nom. pl. tā́raḥ (the absence of the s- unexplained), instr. stŕ̥-bhiḥ; Lat. stella \< * stēr-lā or rather * stēl-nā, Hitt. hasterza \/ hsterz\/. Not here ἀστεροπή (q.v.) - Krogmann KZ 63, 256ff. and v. Windekens Revue belge de phil. 21, 141ff. connected PIE. ā̆s- `burn', Pok. 68, which seems quite probable. Sumerian-Babylonian origin ( Ištar `Venus'; z. B. Ipsen IF 41, 179ff.) is most improbable, cf. Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 2, 481, Specht KZ 62, 249 m. A. 3, Scherer Gestirnnamen 23 (also p. 18ff.).Page in Frisk: 1,170-171Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀστήρ
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8 ἄσφαλτος
Grammatical information: f. (m.)Meaning: `asphalt, bitumen' (Hdt.).Other forms: - ον n.Derivatives: ἀσφάλτιον `treacle clover, Psoralea bituminosa' (Dsc.; after the smell, s. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 62); ἀσφαλτῖτις `bituminous' ( βῶλος etc., Str., Redard Les noms grecs en - ίτης 108); ἀσφαλτωδεύομαι `cover with a.'. - ἀσφαλτόω `smear with a.' (LXX).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Generally taken as negative verbal adjective of σφάλλεσθαι, as the material that protects walls from σφάλλεσθαι. Diels KZ 47, 207ff., who finds no Semitic etymologies. For the `causative' meaning of the verbal adjective one compares ἀμέθυστος; still, this point makes the etymology weak. Chantr. notes `qui empêche de glisser, de tomber, le produit étant employé comme mortier (ce qui n'est pas à l'origine un procédé grec).' The etymology is improbable; rather a substr. word; Diels noted that sources occur everywhere, e.g. on Zakynthos and near Dyrrhachium..Page in Frisk: 1,174Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄσφαλτος
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9 ἄττανα
Grammatical information: n. pl.Derivatives: ἀττανίδες πλακοῦντες, ἔνθρυπτοι H. Further ἀττανίτης `a cake', beside τηγανίτης (Hippon.) and ταγηνίτης (Ath.); s. Redard Les noms grecs en - της 87f. and Lambertz, Glotta 6, 4 n. 5.Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Unknown. Because of the form in Hippon., Kretschmer ( Glotta 11, 1921, 282f) supposed that the word was Anatolian; s. Masson Hippon. 119. Ernout, Philologica 1, 28 = BSL 30, 1930, 92 compares atena, adtanus, atanuuium, atanulus, cups for religious service, which he considers Etruscan (but the Greek words are not cups). So Anatolian?Page in Frisk: 1,182Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄττανα
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10 αὐγή
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `light, beam', e.g. of the sun (Il.).Compounds: On μελαναυγής etc. s. DELG.Derivatives: αὐγίτης ( λίθος) a precious stone (Plin.; s. Redard Les noms grecs en - της 52f.); αὐγῖτις plant name = ἀναγαλλὶς η Φοινικῆ (Ps.-Dsc.; s. Redard 67, 70 and Strömberg Pflanz.. 25). - αὖγος in H. as explanation of ἠώς. Αὐγώ f. name of a dog (X.), endearing term, s. Schwyzer 478, Chantr. Form.115ff.Etymology: Prob. an old verbal noun.Cf. Alb. ag `dawn', Demiraj, Alb. Etym. Perhaps further to OCS. jugъ `south, soutwind' (Berneker IF 10, 156; diff. on jugъ Berneker Etym. WB 458).Page in Frisk: 1,183-184Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > αὐγή
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11 αὐτός
Grammatical information: pron.Meaning: `self' (Il.), in the obl. cases also as anaphorical pronoun of the 3rd person; (ὁ) αὐτός `the same'Compounds: Very many compounds; cf. Sommer Nominalkomp. 83ff., 153ff. S. DELG. - S. κασίγνητος; αὐτόδιον, αὐτόματος.Derivatives: αὐτόθι etc.; αυτίκα s.v. - αὑτῑτης (sc. οἶνος) `local wine(?)', s. Redard, Les noms grecs en - της 96, also `all alone' (Arist., hapax); - αὔτως Adv. (with opposit. accent. Schwyzer 384) `in this very manner, just so, in vain etc.'. - αὔσιος `idle, in vain' (Ibykos).Etymology: Not quite certain. S. Schwyzer 613f. and Risch, Wortbild. 312 (from αὖ τόν).On Goth. auÞs, auÞeis, NHG. öde etc. Mezger, KZ 82 (1968) 288ff.Page in Frisk: 1,191-192Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > αὐτός
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12 ἀφαμιῶται
Grammatical information: m. pl.Meaning: slaves in Crete (Str.). ἀφαμιῶται· οἰκέται ἀγροῖκοι H.Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]Etymology: Lit. `people in ἀφαμία (= ἀφημία), from who there is no φήμη', Bechtel, Gött. Nachr. 1920, 252f.; s. Redard, Les noms grecs en - της 9, 29. Cf. ἀφημοῦντας ἀγροίκους H.Page in Frisk: 1,194Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀφαμιῶται
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13 ἀφρός
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `foam, slaver' (Il.).Derivatives: ἀφρώδης `foaming' (Hp.), ἀφριόεις `id.' (Nic.; metri causa, s. Chantr. Form. 272). ἀφρῖτις, - ιδος f. `kind of ἀφύη' (Arist., s. Redard Les noms grecs en - της 81). Denom. ἀφρέω `foam' (Il.), ἀφρίζω `id.' (Ion.-Att.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Meillet BSL 31, 51f. connected Arm. p`rp`ur `foam' (not to σπείρω). But the ἀ- is problematic (a * h₂- would give a- in Armenian), and the *bh supposed by Greek did not give p` in Arm. - Not to Skt. abhrá- n. `cloud', ὄμβρος (because of the meaning). Not here ἀφρίους ἀθέρας H. (s.v.).Page in Frisk: 1,197Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀφρός
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14 βαλανεῖον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `warm bath, -room' (Ar.).Derivatives: βαλανεύς m. `bath-man' (Ar.) basis of deriv. (cf. κναφεῖον: κναφεύς etc..)? Also βαλανίτης (- είτης, s. Redard, Noms grecs en - της 12, 38) `bather' (Plb.). βαλανάριον n. (pap., inscr.) with the Lat. Suffix - ārium.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: An attempt to derive the word from βάλανος `acorn' as `stopper' in DELG; improbable. For bathing with warm water, which is prob. an Aegaean custom, we expect a Pre-Gr. word, like ἀσάμινθος. The structure of the word is typically Pre-Gr.: βαλ-αν- (with β-, - α-, - αν-). - From βαλανεῖον Lat. bal(i)neum.Page in Frisk: 1,212-213Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βαλανεῖον
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15 βάσανος
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `touchstone, inquiry (by torture), agony' (Pi.).Derivatives: βασανίτης λίθος (H., cf. Redard Noms grecs en -της 53). Denom. βασανίζω `put to the test, inquire (by torture)' (Ion.-Att.).Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Egypt. (Lyd.)Etymology: From Egypt. baḫan, a stone, used by the Egyptians as touchstone of gold. It came to Greece through Lydia ( Λυδία λίθος B. 22); the σ for ḫ is unclear. Sethe BerlSb. 1933, 894ff.; Kretschmer Glotta 24, 90. - In Plin. 36, 58 basaniten became basalten by mistake, from where basalt originated, s. Niedermann Mus. Helv. 2, 127f.Page in Frisk: 1,222Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βάσανος
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16 βάτραχος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `frog' (Hdt.). Also name of a fish `Lophius piscatorius' (Arist.), s. Strömberg Fischnamen 92f.).Other forms: Ion. βάθρακος with normal displacement of aspiration (Schwyzer 269, Lejeune, Phonét. 50); βότραχος (Hp.) and βρόταχος (Xenoph. 40, s. Bechtel Dial. 3, 109); βρατάχους βατράχους H.; - βρούχετος.. βάτραχον δε Κύπριοι H. (after βρυχάομαι?, Schwyzer 182); βύρθακος βάτραχος H.; βρύτιχοι βάτραχοι μικροὶ ἔχοντες οὑράς H. (cf. βρύω?); - βριαγχόνην βάτραχον. Φωκεῖς H. (mistake?; for *βρ(α)τ-αγχ-?); βρόγχος βάτραχος H. may also be a mistake); still βλίκανος, βλίκαρος, βλίχα(ς) (H., EM, Suid.); βλίταχος (H.). - βάβακοι ὑπὸ Ήλείων τέττιγες, ὑπὸ Ποντικῶν δε βάτραχοι H. ( βαβάζω, s. v.). - Mod. Gr. forms in Hatzidakis Lexikogr. Archiv ( Anh. Άθ. 26) 48ff., also G. Meyer IF 6, 107f.Derivatives: Demin. βατράχιον (Paus.), plant `Ranunculus' (Hp., Dsc., cf. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 119); βατραχίσκοι μέρος τι τῆς κιθάρας H.; on the suffixes Chantr. Form. 408. - βατραχίτης, - ῖτις ( λίθος; from the colour; Plin.; s. Redard Les noms grecs en - της 53).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Several variants will be due to folketymology or taboo, and also simple phonetic variation. A priori for all these forms a local, i.e. Pre-Gr. form is to be expected. To this will point the variation α\/ο. This holds also for βαρδακος if this must be read in H. for βαρακος βάραχος (Fur. 184 A. 2; s. Latte). The form may in origin have been onomat.? (cf. Grošelj, Živa Ant. 6 (1956) 235) βρατ-αχ-, cf. βρεκεκεξ. Or even * brt-ak-, from which the forms with - υ- might come ( βύρθακος, βρύτιχος). The desperate forms βριαγχόνη, βρόγχος (this form to be read for βρούχετος?) contain a (misread) prenasalized *( βρατ)αγχος, which would also point to Pre-Greek. On the χ-suffix in animal names Specht Ursprung 255. - The forms βλικ\/χ- and βάβακοι, of course, are etymologically unrelated. - For the meaning `hearth' Szemerényi, Gnomon 43 (1971) 660 refers to Alb. vatre.Page in Frisk: 1,226-227Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βάτραχος
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17 βολβός
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `onion; purse-tassels, Muscari comosum' (Att., Arist.).Derivatives: βολβίον (Hp.), βολβάριον (Epict.), βολβίσκος (AP) `small onion'. - From βολβός the plant βολβίνη (Thphr., s. Strömberg Theophrastea 86). - On the fishnames βολβίδιον, βολβίτιον, βολβιτίνη see βόλβιτον; also βολβῖτις, βολβιτίς. See Thompson Fishes 33; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 174 A. 1; Redard Noms grecs en - της 85. -Origin: ONOM [onomatopoia, and other elementary formations]Etymology: The form of the word is expressive, soundsymbolic, with a kind of reduplication. No direct relatives. Reminds of words for round, globular objects, like Lat. bulla `waterbubble', βυλλά βεβυσμένα H., Lith. bur̃bulas `waterbubble' etc., cf. βομβυλίς s. βόμβος; Arm. boɫk `radish' (Skt. bálba-ja- m. kind of grass, `Eleusine indica', orig. `balba-born' is less adequate); cf. Pok. 103; W.-Hofmann s. bulbus. Cf. βῶλος. (Lat. bulbus is a LW [loanword]).Page in Frisk: 1,249-250Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βολβός
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18 βόρβορος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `mire, filth' (Asios).Derivatives: Βορβορῖται name of an association in Thera (inscr.) and of a Manichaean-gnostic sect (Epiph.), s. Redard Noms grecs en -της 189, 217, 259. - Denomin.: βορβορόω, βορβορίζω (Dsc.); = μολύνει H. - S. also βοβορύζω.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Expressive reduplicated formation, partly onomatopoetic (cf. βορβορίζει). Perhaps to RussCS etc.. bara `marsh', Illyr. Metu-barbis (an island, from "between marshes"?) and other names, s. Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. bara; Krahe, Glotta 22, 125 and Sprache 1, 39. - Very doubtful Arm. kork `dirt' as *guorgu̯(or)o-s.Page in Frisk: 1,252Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βόρβορος
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19 βότρυς
βότρυς, - υοςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `bunch of grapes' (Il.).Other forms: acc. also βότρυα (Euph.), LSJSupp.Derivatives: βοτρυηρός `of the grape kind' (Thphr., cf. οἰνηρός Chantr. Form. 233). - βοτρυΐτης, - ῖτις ( λίθος) kind of pearl `Kalamine' (Dsc., vgl. Redard Noms grecs en - της 53). - Adv. βοτρυδόν (Il.). - Isolated βοτρυμός τρυγητός H., as if from *βοτρύω; s. Schwyzer 492. - After βόστρυχος arose βότρυχος `lock of hair' (Pherecr.; prob. E. Or. 1267) and βοστρύχιον `vine-tendril' and βοστριχίτης, s. βόστρυχος.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Like ἄμπελος prob. Pre-Greek. Hardly Semitic (Hebr. boṣer `uvae immaturae acerbae') with Semerényi, Gnomon 43 (1971) 661. Fur. 302 considers original identity with βόστρυχος, with στ\/τ; very doubtful.Page in Frisk: 1,255Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βότρυς
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20 βυθός
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `depth (of the sea)' (A.).Compounds: ἄβυσσος `bottomless' (Hdt.), subst. f. `abyss, underworld' (= Hebr. tǝhōm, LXX, NT, Pap.; cf. Schwyzer RhM 81, 203); βυσσοδομεύω `build in the deep \> brood over (in the deep of one's soul), ponder deeply' (Od.), m.c. for βυσσοδομέω (Eust., Suid.) like οἰκοδομέω etc., s. K. Meister, Hom. Kunstspr. 31, Chantr., Gramm. hom. 1, 368.Derivatives: βύθιος `of the depth' (late), fem. βυθῖτις ( ψάμμος AP; s. Redard Les noms grecs en - της 23). Denom. βυθίζω `sink' (S.). Ptc. βυθόωσα ( ῥίζα) `going in the deep' (Nic. Th. 505). - Further βυσσός m. `depth of the sea' (Il.), βυσσόθεν (S.). -- Also βύσσα (Opp.; after βῆσσα? so prob. secondary); further βύσσαλοι βόθροι, βυσσαλεύοντι τῳ̃ βυθῳ̃ ἐφικνουμένῳ H.; also βυθμός ἄντρον, πυθμήν, καὶ βυθμήν (perh. corrupt).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: A basis *βυθι̯ός or *βυθσός for βυσσός does not inspire confidence. Connecting βαθύς (and βῆσσα) one posited a labio-velar, but then the connection of βαθύς with βενθος must be abandoned, for which there is no reason. Also assuming a labio-velar would mean that the β- could not be regular (one expects γυ-): it would have to be introduced from βῆσσα, which a guess. Connecting γυθίσσων διορύσσων H. would give the same problem; the form can better be left aside. - The old attempts to connect βαθύς and βῆσσα (with α against υ) are most improbable and should now be abandoned. βυθός - βυσσός shows a typical variation of Pre-Greek words; see Fur.248-263, e.g. ἄνηθον\/ ἄνησον. The conclusion is confirmed by βυσσαλ- with a typical Pre-Greek suffix, cf. κόρυδος beside κορύδαλος\/ κορυδαλλός (Fur. 254) and perhaps ἄμυσσος κῆτος, and also ἀβυδόν βαθύ.Page in Frisk: 1,275-276Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βυθός
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